A number of χ2 based nonparametric tests are used to determine the level of statistical significance. Once the significance level is determined with χ2, Cramer's V can be used to measure the strength of association. Values for the maximum possible χ2 are given for six nonparametric tests in order to facilitate the computation of an extension of V denoted as V′. An example is given where V′ is applied to a one-way analysis of variance test for ranked data.
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1 This is a preproduction copy of the text of the same title published by Cambridge University Press, March 2015. See http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/ engineering/communications-and-signal-processing/random-processes-engineers The book supercedes " Notes for ECE 534: An Exploration of Random Processes for Engineers. " Cambridge University Press has kindly allowed the author to make this version of the book freely available on his webpage. It does not incorporate final sets of edits and corrections. Permission is hereby given to freely print and circulate copies of these notes so long as the notes are left intact and not reproduced for commercial purposes. Email to b-hajek@illinois.edu, pointing out errors or hard to understand passages or providing comments, is welcome.
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